摘要 :
This article proposes a systems description of policy and the
process of generating and implementing it, with the goal of aiding
policy planners, implementers, and contributors in enhancing policy
effectiveness. The idealized poli...
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This article proposes a systems description of policy and the
process of generating and implementing it, with the goal of aiding
policy planners, implementers, and contributors in enhancing policy
effectiveness. The idealized policy process described provides a
framework for a comprehensive approach to real policy administration.
Understanding the idealized policy process offers the three groups of
policy contributors, those who create it, those who carry it out, and
those who support it, the opportunity to use their knowledge more
effectively to the benefit of policy development. This will increase not
only the quality of policies but also the enjoyment and rewards of those
contributing to them
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摘要 :
Editorial policy attempts to: ? promote material which will assist the study and teaching of geography ? encourage teachers to share their ideas on teaching geography ? provide a means by which teachers can publish articles ? info...
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Editorial policy attempts to: ? promote material which will assist the study and teaching of geography ? encourage teachers to share their ideas on teaching geography ? provide a means by which teachers can publish articles ? inform readers of developments in geographical education Articles are sought reflecting research and innovations in teaching practices in schools. From time to time issues of the Bulletin address specific themes.
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摘要 :
Organizations are setting up online forums to obtain inputs and feedback from key stakeholders, such as employees, customers, and citizens. Examples of such virtual spaces are online policy deliberation forums (OPDFs) initiated by...
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Organizations are setting up online forums to obtain inputs and feedback from key stakeholders, such as employees, customers, and citizens. Examples of such virtual spaces are online policy deliberation forums (OPDFs) initiated by government organizations to garner citizens' views on policy issues. Incorporating the inputs from these forums can result in more inclusive policies for societal benefit. Yet, as with other such forums, a common issue facing OPDFs is the sustainability of participation. When examining this issue, previous research has mostly explored the participation antecedents of existing contributors. However, engaging lurkers is also important, because these forums need to compensate for contributor attrition and become more effective with greater reach. Thus motivated, this study develops a model to explain the antecedents of both contributors' and lurkers' participation deriving from public participation and information technology-enabled public goods theories. It hypothesizes differences in the antecedents for contributors versus lurkers based primarily on construal level theory. The model was empirically validated through a survey of contributors and lurkers in a nationwide OPDF. The results reveal significant differences in the participation antecedents of the two groups as hypothesized. Specifically, contributors are influenced by political career benefit and political efficacy motives, whereas lurkers' future participation intention is driven by collective benefits, possession of civic skills, and mobilization. Furthermore, perceived connectivity of the OPDF directly influences participation intention for contributors and indirectly impacts participation intention for both groups via perceived communality. Perceived communality, on the other hand, influences collective and persuasion benefits for both contributors and lurkers. These findings are useful for understanding and promoting participation through differential strategies for contributors and lurkers in OPDFs in particular, and by extension, other feedback or online forums.
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摘要 :
To evaluate the effectiveness of the air quality management policies in Northeast Asia, especially in China and South Korea, temporal variation in the major contributors of the observed particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons...
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To evaluate the effectiveness of the air quality management policies in Northeast Asia, especially in China and South Korea, temporal variation in the major contributors of the observed particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Seoul between 2002 and 2013 was estimated via receptor modeling. In addition, analyses of the air parcel movement and the statistics related to energy usage and PAH emissions in the region were conducted to validate the modeling results. Five factors were identified: coal usage for coke ovens, residential coal use, vehicular emission, biomass burning, and other emission sources. It was found that the PAH concentration in the ambient air in Seoul has been affected not only by domestic emissions but also by transported PAHs originating outside Korea, such as emissions from coal use in China and biomass burning in Northeast Asia. In addition, the impact from North Korea was verified for the PAHs emitted from biomass burning. The contribution of coal combustion decreased while that of vehicular sources increased during the study period; the contribution from biomass burning, however, remained consistent. Despite uncertainties in the modeling results, which are discussed in this paper, this study demonstrates that the air quality management policies in China and South Korea have been successful in reducing particulate PAH emissions.
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